Unit 21 Karl Marx

　　c. 名词/代词上副词。如：

　　We found him in/out.我们发现他在家(不在家)。

　　d. 名词/代词+介词短语。如:

　　When we arrived, we found him in bed. 我们到达时，发现他在床上。

　　e. 名词/代词+v-ing形式。如：

　　We have found him waiting to receive us. 我们已发现他在等着接待我们。

　　f. 名词/代词十过去分词。如，

　　She found the letter gone. 她发现信不见了。

　　g. 名词/代词+不定式to be短语。如：

　　He found himself (to do) in a dark forest. 他发现自己在黑暗的森林里。

过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

　　区别：

　　1）一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态；

　　He went home yesterday. 他昨天回家了。

　　过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前己完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”，常与by，before等表示过去的介词短语连用。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时。如：

　　He had gone home when I got to his office.  当我到他的办公室时，他早已回家了

　　By the end of last term-we had learnt about 1,500 English words. 到上期期末，我们已学了大约1500个英语单词。

　　2)在连词before，after引导的从句中，由于连词本身的意义已经说明主句和从句两个动作先后发生的关系，两个动作都可以用一般过去时，有时也可用过去完成时，强调动作的完成。如：

　　After he (had) arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到英国后，他努力学习以提高英语水平。   

　　He went on watching TV, after his father (had) left. 他父亲走后，他继续看电视。

　　Marx (had) learnt some English before he got to England. 马克思到英国之前就学过一些英语。

Lesson 81教学设计方案

Teaching Aims

　　1. Learn some useful words about English lesson:

　　idiom, expression, listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation.

　　2. Study the language points concerned with the dialogue.

Step 1Presentation

　　Find out the idioms in the dialogue. ( have a cold, catch a cold. cut down, cut up)

Step 2 Listening

　　Listen to the tape and then answer the questions in Workbook Lesson, 81, Part 1.

Step 3 Language points

　　Go through the dialogue briefly and deal with the language points.

Step 4 Oral practise

　　Scene1: Make a dialogue and give some advise(in pairs)

　　Someone has a lot of difficulty in spelling, he just can’t spell the words correctly . Sometimes he adds some letters, other times he misses some letters. He always makes mistakes in spelling and he is very worried.

　　Scene2: Make a dialogue and give some suggestions(group work)

　　Someone has a lot of difficulty in pronunciation. Though she tries hard, she just can not pronounce the words correctly. She knows that the teacher on the tape does not read English in the way she does, but she does not know how to improve her pronunciation.

Step 5 Workbook

　　Do the exercises in Workbook Lesson 81.

Step 6 Homework

　　Preparation the Lesson 82.

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